Why Does CBP Stop Drug Paraphernalia?

• CBP secures America’s borders at and between ports of entry by stopping inadmissible people and illicit goods. The Tariff Act of 1789 provides one of CBP’s core functions: to act as the leading federal agency in determining the admissibility of goods that may enter the Commerce of the United States. Even though each State has internally legalized marijuana either for medical or recreational purposes, CBP still has the express power to authorize or not any merchandise that comes into the U.S. Thus, CBP can detain and seize “drug paraphernalia” even if you did not intend to use the product that purpose pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1595a(c) stating a violation of 21 U.S.C. § 863.

What Constitutes Drug Paraphernalia?

In 2014, a smoke shop owner imported different merchandise from China described as “glass hookahs and parts”. The Central District of California considered these products, which were valued at $82,933.64 as drug paraphernalia and thus detained and seized the merchandise pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1595a(c) for violations of 21 U.S.C. § 863. The U.S. sued the shop owner and the Court concluded that “despite…[the] erroneous characterization of the merchandise as ‘hookah pipes’…they are bongs, and are therefore barred from entry into the United States.”

To determine whether the product is drug paraphernalia, the Court will not only consider the Code, but also other relevant factors such as the existence and scope of legitimate uses of the product in the community and expert testimony concerning its use. Under 21 U.S.C. Section 863(e), the following items are used to determine if a product is drug paraphernalia:

(1) instructions, oral or written, provided with the item concerning its use;

(2) descriptive materials accompanying the item which explain or depict its use;

(3) national and local advertising concerning its use;

(4) the manner in which the item is displayed for sale;

(5) whether the owner, or anyone in control of the item, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;

(6) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the item(s) to the total sales of the business enterprise;

(7) the existence and scope of legitimate uses of the item in the community; and

(8) expert testimony concerning its use.

There is no requirement that the violator had specific knowledge that the merchandise constituted drug paraphernalia. United States v. 160 Cartons of Glass Water Pipes, Case No. CV 12-8965- BRO (VBKx) (C.D. Cal. Mar.  10, 2014).

What Must You Refrain From Doing?

• Sell or offer to sell drug paraphernalia
• Mail drug paraphernalia or transport it through interstate commerce
• Import or Export drug paraphernalia

REMEMBER: CBP is the federal agency that has control over everything that is imported and exported to/from the U.S. and therefore, they have the power to detain and seize your products when it constitutes drug paraphernalia. This will continue to happen until Congress decides to enact a Federal Law that allows marijuana consumption on a federal level or drug paraphernalia within the U.S.

What Do You Do if CBP Detains and/or Seizes Your Merchandise?

CBP has the power to detain persons or merchandise and make admissibility decisions. If CBP believes merchandise should be detained, it is required to send a Notice of Detention no later than five (5) business days from the day of examination. Often, the Notice of Detention does not specify the circumstances of the detention or is not even issued. It is important during this detention phase to communicate with CBP to discuss why your merchandise should not constitute drug paraphernalia and should be released.

CBP also has the ability to seize your merchandise if it is contrary to law and CBP will send a Seizure Notice, which you will have 30 days to respond, and typically we respond in the form of a Petition. Seizure cases are complicated, it is best to hire an expert who knows the policies, internal procedures and practices of U.S. Customs. Most importantly, getting involved early in the detention process is the best way to tackle this issue.

Want to Know if Your Product Will be Considered Drug Paraphernalia Prior to Importing?

Prior to importing your product, we recommend you review your product with an expert and determine whether to request a Binding Ruling from CBP. In CBP Ruling HQ H150766, an importer inquired on whether its hookah and hookah components constituted drug paraphernalia. The major issue CBP decided was whether the hookahs are “primarily intended” for use with drugs since it is considered a multiple-use item. CBP ruled that hookahs are admissible merchandise into the United States and held that they are not considered drug paraphernalia based on the weight of the evidence addressing the 8 criteria as set forth in 21 U.S.C. § 863, specifically its intended use for tobacco and not drugs.

If you have questions on whether or not your product constitutes drug paraphernalia and are interested in requesting a binding ruling, or if CBP has detained or seized your product, contact our office at info@diaztradelaw.com or (305) 456-3830 for assistance.

The morning kicked off with a networking breakfast where experienced and novice industry members were able to engage in meaningful dialogue about overlapping issues they experience in their respective workplaces in dealing with the topic of FSMA. We heard comments from small to large business on their current implementation strategies in place to ensure they meet FSMA requirements by FDA’s compliance dates.

The seminar promptly began at 9:00 am with introductory remarks by our own President, Jennifer Diaz. We had all attendees introduce themselves and include why this seminar was important to attend. We were glad to hear from majority of attendees that their reason for participating was to further their education on FSMA. One attendee commented, “Excited to hear from FDA about FSVP requirements and what the broker’s role is in the process.”

Next Representatives of Miami Free Zone explained their role in international business solutions as it provides users and visitors with convenient international business resources including turnkey FTZ solutions for distribution; a wholesale marketplace; an international business center environment; and premium showroom, office, and warehouse spaces. As well as providing FTZ users with flexible control over their domestic and foreign inventory, duty elimination and deferment, and high security standards for their businesses and valuable merchandise.

The first speaker was Elena O. Asturias, is a licensed U.S. Customs Broker, and Certified Customs Specialist providing customs brokerage services for imports. Elena provided top tips for custom brokers as she has been involved in logistics for over fifteen years, and has experience handling a broad range of commodities. Some helpful tips from here presentation include:

• Make sure food facilities that must be registered with the FDA pursuant to the Bioterrorism act are registered to avoid delays upon entry into the U.S.
• A major issue causing FDA to detain food products are product labeling violations
• Ensure you use correct Affirmation of Compliance (AofC) Codes
  • When the entry is filed with FDA, use AofC codes to affirm the products meets specific import requirements.
  • Depending on the product type, many AofC’s are required, and must be submitted upon time of entry.
  • The AofC is a 3 letter indicator, then the qualifier which will vary in format. In some cases no qualifier is required.
    • Examples: PFR is the code used to designate a Manufacturer Food Facility Registration Number and it’s used with a 11 digit qualifier.
      • PFR 12345678901
      • FDA Affirmation of Compliance (AofC) Code Quick Reference
• FSVP – Unique facility identifier (UFI)
  • As of May 30th, you will need to add the UFI (Unique Facility Identifier) when you transmit the entry.
  • The AofC code being added is FSV, which will require the following:
    • DUNS number (as acceptable UFI)
    • Importer name & address
    • Email address
    • If the importer doesn’t have a DUNS number yet, you can transmit UNK “unknown” temporarily.
  • ENTRY DATA TRANSMISSION PROCESS:
  •  

• ITACS
  • ITACS – Import Trade Auxiliary Communications System
  • Importers are able to see the current FDA status (as long as they have the entry number), using the ITACS system (you have the ability to monitor your shipments without having to call your broker!).

Lundy Patrick followed Mrs. Asturias’ presentation and echoed the significance of being familiar with the importation process. Mr. Patrick is Lieutenant Commander serves as a U.S. Public Health Officer assigned to the Florida District Office of the FDA as an Imports Compliance Officer.  There were questions and answers during his presentation as the attendees had submitted questions prior to the seminar.  Here are highlights from the discussion:

• Articles are expected to be in compliance AT THE TIME OF ENTRY. Therefore, you need to exercise due diligence to make sure the products you intend to import are in compliance PRIOR to the importation of the goods.
• The following food imports require Prior Notice:
  • Food imported for use, storage, or distribution in the U.S. (including gifts and trade and quality assurance/quality control and market research samples)
  • Food transshipped through the U.S. to another country
  • Food imported for future export, or food for use in a Foreign Trade Zone, unless it is on the list of exemptions
• If you fail to provide Prior Notice, the food shipment is subject to refusal and, if refused, must be held at the port of entry unless directed to another location. The importing or offering for import into the U.S. of an article of food in violation of Prior Notice requirements is a “Prohibited Act” under the laws FDA administers.
• If a food product is assigned for examination/sampling, FDA will examine and will collect samples. Historically between 1-2% get examined/sampled.
• Lieutenant Commander Patrick echoed the importance of product label compliance and stressed FDA does not pre-approve labels for food products.
• He stated that the State of Florida, the third busiest district, has had over 8,000+ detention and 2200+ Refusals and provided the top reasons for food product detentions:
  • Labeling Issues:
    • Incorrect or missing statement of identity/name of the food
    • Failure to List potential allergens
    • Failure to declare ingredients
    • Failure to bear nutrition labeling or the nutrition label is in incorrect format.
  • Most common Import Alerts the FDA sees in Florida:
    • IA 16-81 – “Detention Without Physical Examination of Seafood Products Due to the Presence of Salmonella“
    • IA 99-05 – “Detention Without Physical Examination Of Raw Agricultural Products for Pesticides”
  • If Refused Goods are sold and Cannot be Redelivered for Export / Destruction, you may face:
    • Liquidated Damages and/or 19 USC 1592 Penalties

Thereafter, Giselle Jordan took the floor to discuss the hot topic of FSMA Compliance and Foreign Supplier Verification Program. Giselle is a Consumer Safety Officer at the Division of Import Operations of FDA. In August 2016, she joined the newly established Food Safety Verification Program Team. Here are highlights from her presentation:

• Resources:
  • www.fda.gov/fsma   ß SIGN UP (there is a subscription feature available)
• FSMA Sec. 301 requires importers to have FSVPs and FDA to issue regulations.
  • The goal for FSMA is FOOD SAFETY
• Key Principles of FSVP Rule
  • Establishes explicit responsibility for importers to ensure the safety of imported food
  • Risk-based (according to types of hazards, importers, and suppliers)
  • Alignment with PC supply-chain provisions
  • Flexibility in meeting requirements (assessing activities conducted by others)

• Purpose of an FSVP
  • To provide adequate assurances that:
    • Foreign suppliers produce food using processes and procedures providing same level of public health protection as FSMA preventive controls or produce safety provisions
    • Food is not adulterated or misbranded (as it relates to allergen labeling)
  • Who Must Comply?
    • “Importer” is U.S. owner or consignee of a food at time of U.S. entry.
    • If no U.S. owner or consignee at entry, importer is U.S. agent or representative of the foreign owner or consignee, as confirmed in signed statement of consent to serve as the importer under FSVP (“FSVP Importer”).
    • Note that the responsibility for FSVP compliance lies with the FSVP Importer and the FSVP Importer can be different from the Importer of Record.
  • FSVP Exemptions
    • Firms subject to juice or seafood HACCP regulations
    • Food for research or evaluation
    • Food for personal consumption
    • Alcoholic beverages and alcoholic beverage ingredients (7%)
    • Food transshipped through U.S.
    • Food imported for processing and export
    • “U.S. foods returned”
    • Meat, poultry, and egg products subject to USDA regulation at time of importation
    • Low acid canned food facilities (microbiological hazards only)
  • Appropriate Verification Activities
    • Must document determination, performance, conduct, review and assessment of results
    • Verification activities include:
    • Onsite audits (qualified auditor), sampling and testing of the food, a review of foreign supplier relevant food safety records, other appropriate activities
  • To qualify as a “Very Small Importer”:
    • Must meet definition of a very small importer
    • Less than $1 million/yr. in human food sales
    • Less than $2.5 million/yr. in animal food sales
    • Annually documentation of eligibility
  • Compliance Dates
    • The final FSVP rule was published on November 27, 2015
    • First compliance date: May 30, 2017
    • Last compliance date: July 27, 2020
    • http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm503822.htm

Jennifer Diaz concluded the seminar with best practices for due diligence and best practices for responding to enforcement actions and FDA Notice of Action. Check out DTL’s TOP 10 TIPS for importing food products into the U.S.

For more information on how we can help you through the maze of importing and FSVP email us at info@diaztradelaw.com.

A special thanks to all our prize winner for participating during the seminar. We appreciate your involvement and interest! For pictures of the event LIKE us on Facebook.

Subscribe Today to keep up with the latest Customs and International Trade Law News.

Our next Live Broadcast webinar will be held on Wednesday, May 24, 2017 to discuss Intellectual Property Rights Violations and the U.S. Customs & Border Protections Enforcement. More information is available here.

DTL will also be at the NEI will be hosting the 3rd annual Global Trade Educational Conference held on August 7-8. NEI is bringing customs brokers, freight forwarders, NVOCCs, OTI, service providers, importers, exporters and all global logistics professionals an opportunity to update themselves on industry developments and connect with colleagues old and new. To RSVP – Read more. . .

*****This document is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice nor does use of this constitute the formation of an attorney-client relationship.******

In celebration of World Trade Month, Diaz Trade Law is hosting a World Trade Month Seminar Series for Compliance Professionals featuring U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) speakers.

In the first seminar, attendees will learn the ABC’s of Antidumping & Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD) compliance and CBP Enforcement.

In the second seminar, FDA will focus on food importations and discuss the upcoming Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP) requirement under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA).

The TOP reasons you should attend? 

1. For a limited time, registration is FREE!
2. You have the ability to hear DIRECTLY from CBP and FDA.
3. We want the seminars to be informative and all of your questions answered. In that vain, we are currently taking ANY questions you have related to the Centers of Excellence and Expertise (CEE) and Antidumping & Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD) for CBP, and food importation/FSMA related questions for the FDA. Please email your questions today to info@diaztradelaw.com!

Full details including registration information for BOTH seminars are below. 

May 10, 2017 ( 9 – 11 a.m.)

• ABC’s of AD/CVD & CBP Enforcement
• CLICK HERE for our draft agenda
  • Hear directly from CBP Import Specialists & an industry legal expert
  • TOP Tips when Importing to Ensure Compliance with AD/CVD
  • Valuable opportunity to speak direct with Supervisory Import Specialist with U.S. Customs and Border Protection and legal experts to address any concerns relating to CBP’s role in administering and enforcing imports subject to AD/CVD
  • *** CBP WOULD LIKE TO HEAR FROM ATTENDEES OF THE TRADE COMMUNITY ON WHAT ISSUES OR QUESTIONS THEY WOULD LIKE TO BE ADDRESSED DURING THE PRESENTATION. PLEASE SUBMIT QUESTIONS TO INFO@DIAZTRADELAW.COM ***
• RSVP HERE

May 18, 2017 ( 9 – 1 2 p.m.)

• FDA FSMA Compliance Seminar for Importers
• CLICK HERE for our draft agenda
  • Hear directly from FDA & an industry legal expert
  • Overview of FDA requirements for importing food products
  • A discussion of best practices when working with your broker to expedite shipments (ACE, ITACS, PREDICT)
  • Overview of the FSMA, including an overview of the FSVP requirement (which has a compliance date of 5/30/17)
  • Best practices for due diligence and responding to enforcement actions and FDA Notices of Action
  • *** FDA WOULD LIKE TO HEAR FROM ATTENDEES OF THE TRADE COMMUNITY ON WHAT ISSUES OR QUESTIONS THEY WOULD LIKE TO BE ADDRESSED DURING THE PRESENTATION. PLEASE SUBMIT QUESTIONS TO INFO@DIAZTRADELAW.COM ***
• RSVP HERE 

We look forward to seeing you at our World Trade Month events!

• Date & Time – November 12th from 9 a.m. – 12 p.m.  
• Topic – FDA and U.S. Customs Compliance Issues When Importing Food, Cosmetic, and Medical Device Products
• Location: Click Here for a Map 

• This is a must attend seminar featuring FDA’s Director of Import Operations and Maintenance, Becker & Poliakoff’s Chair of the Customs and Trade Department, and an expert Customs Broker. Learn the best practices for handling FDA entries and compliance at this practical and informative seminar from the best.  
• Hot Topics Covered will be: 
• Resources for new and experienced importers
• Use of free trade zones, including the Miami Free Zone
•  How to work best with a customs broker to expedite your shipments
• Top Reasons FDA Detains Goods (and specifics for Port of Miami!!) 
• Food, Cosmetic, and Medical device basics, FDA laws/regulations
• What you need to know about the FDA Import Process
• Best practices for due diligence and responding to enforcement actions and FDA Notices of Action

My seminar will take place on August 5, 2015, at 10:00 am (EST) in Room D232.

• Medical Device Basics

• FDA Laws/Regulations

• FDA Import Process

• What You Need to Know to Import

• How to Work Best to Expedite Your Shipments with a Customs Broker

• FDA Notices of Action 

• FDA Detention and Refusal Process

• Import Alerts

• Detention Without Physical Examination

• Typical U.S. Customs Liquidated Damages and Seizure Process

Check out all of the terrific seminars here.

1. The products were “misbranded” (lack of adequate directions for use, nutrient content and/or health claims, anti-ageing labeling claims rendering the product a drug; or
2. The products were “adulterated” (unsafe addition of a color additive).

Food Products Top Rationales for Detention

•Manufacturer (processor, packer or person holding food product) is not registered with the FDA pursuant to the Bioterrorism Act. (You can Register with the FDA here: www.FDA-USA.com)

•Low Acid Canned Foods (LACF) are imported without establishment registration (FCE #) or scheduled process (SID #)

•The products are subject to an Import Alert

•Product labeling is not compliant (FDA does not pre-approve food labeling, it is up to importers to assure it is compliant before importing)

•Common labeling violations include:

1.Label is not in English

2.Incorrect or missing statement of identity

3.Failure to list allergens

4.Failure to declare ingredients

5.Failure to include a proper “Nutrition Facts” label (incorrect formats for Nutrition Facts labeling is also common) required by 21 C.F.R. 101.9

6.Color additives are not declared correctly (or at all) on the label or not certified

7.Food additives are unsafe or not declared on the label

Dietary Supplements Top Rationales for Detention

•The products are subject to an Import Alert

•Product labeling is not compliant (FDA does not pre-approve dietary supplement labeling, it is up to importers to assure it is compliant before importing)

•Common labeling violations include:

1. Label is not in English

2.Unauthorized health claims

3.Undeclared active ingredients

4.Lacks a “Supplement Facts” panel required by 21 C.F.R. 101.36

5.Failure to list the name of product and “Dietary Supplement” or “Herbal Supplement” on the label

6.Failure to list the appropriate disclaimer necessary when claims are made

Cosmetics Top Rationales for Detention

•The cosmetics are subject to an Import Alert (for example IA 66-38 for cosmetics labeled with drug claims)

•The cosmetics are contaminated and unsafe to use

•The cosmetics are manufactured under unsanitary conditions

•The cosmetics contain a non-permitted color additive

•Product labeling is not compliant (FDA does not pre-approve cosmetic labeling, it is up to importers to assure it is compliant before importing)

•Common labeling violations include:

1. Label is not in English

2.Labeling is missing ingredients

3.Label lacks warnings and adequate directions for use

4.Missing the net quantity of contents

5.Cosmetic contains a “drug” claim

Drugs Top Rationales for Detention

•The cosmetics are subject to an Import Alert (for example IA 66-41 – Unapproved new drugs)

•Drugs are not registered or listed with the FDA

•Product labeling is not compliant (FDA does not pre-approve drug labeling, it is up to importers to assure it is compliant before importing)

•Common labeling violations include:

1.Label is not in English

2.Label does not contain adequate directions for use

3.Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is not properly labeled or listed

4.Drug contains a “new” chemical or a different dosage making the product a “new drug”

Medical Devices Top Rationales for Detention

•The manufacturers is not registered with the FDA

•The initial importer is not registered with the FDA

•The device is not listed with the FDA

•The product does not contain a 510k or PMA

•Product labeling is not compliant (FDA does not pre-approve medical device labeling, it is up to importers to assure it is compliant before importing)

•Common labeling violations include:

1.Label is not in English

2.Label is false or misleading

Bottom line, as you can see, it is up to you, the importer to perform pre-compliance and assure you get compliance right before you import. FDA expects you to know the requirements and has little mercy if you don’t. Assure you stay compliant and avoid the top rationale for FDA to detain your goods by hiring someone that is extremely knowledgeable with FDA’s laws and regulations and continually stays up to date with the constant changes.  Contact me with any questions!